Putting money in a 401k has many benefits, tax benefits and employer contribution being a few of them. Often the employer 401k plans are limited in investment options. A few employers do allow you to buy individual stocks. However, often you are left with a pre-selected set of 30-35 Mutual funds to choose from. Dividing money equally month them can be the easiest (and worst) option. Often there are overlaps across funds, and such a strategy can lead to abnormal allocation. You could end up with a portfolio, too heavy on a few sectors or stocks. Further, typical mutual funds have an expense ratio in excess of 1%, and some even up to 2.5%. That means, they take this cut out of your money every year, irrespective of whether you gain or loose money that year. This puts a lot of burden on your retirement portfolio in the long run.
John C. Bogle was the pioneer of Index Funds. Index funds have a low expense ratio, typically under 0.20%. Nowadays employer 401k plans have an a few index funds as an option. The best and simplest thing to do is to put your retirement money into these index fund options.
Why not buy stocks on 401k account?
There are two main reasons:
- Let’s say you are making contributions to your 401k account, twice each month. The typical maximum you will be contributing (including your employer contribution) would be $1000. This means if you buy stocks and pay commissions of $8 (let’s say), you will be paying 0.80% on commission alone for each such stock purchases. This is a bad choice to spend your retirement money.
- Investing in stocks is risky. 80% of the Fund managers, who spend hours and hours on researching stocks still can’t beat the stock market. You, as an individual investor, have odds against you when it comes to investing in the stock market. When you buy index funds, you already beat 80% of the people in the market!
I’m not discouraging you researching and investing in individual stocks. What I’m saying is that the best way to invest is to first maximize your contributions to retirement accounts, invest them in low-cost index funds on a regular basis . Then you are free to research and invest in individual stocks in your investment account. This strategy ensures that you are going to at least have a portfolio invested in the broader market and for a longer term, giving you market performance. While the money in your retirement account funds are still subject to market risk, you are investing them for the long term and in a diversified portfolio. You can use your investment portfolio for seeking alpha, if you are very interested in playing the market.
If you have a 401k account with Fidelity, you can choose to invest in their Spartan Funds.
Spartan® 500 Index Fund - Institutional Class (FXSIX)
Spartan® Extended Market Index Fund - Fidelity Advantage Class (FSEVX)
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